The Latest Deal between Armenia and Azerbaijan: A Detailed Analysis of the July 3, 2021 Agreement

On July 3, 2021, a significant development in the ongoing conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan was marked by the exchange of mine maps and the release of Armenian prisoners of war. This event came against the backdrop of a cease fire, though it remains not an end to the war, as tensions continue to simmer.

Exchange of Mine Maps and Prisoners

Armenia submitted to Azerbaijan maps detailing the placement of approximately 92,000 anti-tank and anti-personnel mines in the Fuzuli and Zangilan regions, which were planted during the occupation. This act marks a humanistic step towards reconciliation and de-escalation. In return, Azerbaijan released 15 Armenian nationals who were imprisoned after the November 10th agreement. This gesture signifies a tentative move towards improved relations between the two countries.

Financial Impact and Humanitarian Concerns

The financial implications of these mines are staggering, with Armenia estimated to have spent around 340 million USD to mine Azerbaijani territories during its occupation. This amount represents 50% of Armenia’s entire 2020 budget, highlighting the significant economic and humanitarian burden this conflict has imposed on both nations.

Colonel’s War Crime Admission

A colonel in the Armenian forces admitted that the mining of Azerbaijani territories was a violation of international humanitarian law and the Geneva Conventions of 1949. He emphasized that the primary purpose of these mines is to endanger the lives of civilians, qualifying these actions as war crimes. This admission is crucial in understanding the profound impact of these mines on the civilian population of Azerbaijan, with 142 people being killed or injured since the end of the war by various types of mines and other explosive devices planted by Armenia.

Reactions and Context

The reaction to these maps and prisoner releases varies widely. Armenian officials were quick to point out the sheer volume of landmines—97,000 in Aghdam alone—and the significant amount of money spent on this activity (50% of the 2020 budget). However, there is a stark contrast between this discourse and the resistance from the Armenian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA), which initially called the demand for maps a "fake agenda."

Conclusion

The July 3, 2021, agreement between Armenia and Azerbaijan represents a critical step forward in the broader conflict resolution process. While a cease fire has been established, the underlying tensions and the lasting impact of the mined territories continue to pose significant challenges for regional stability and reconciliation.

It is important to recognize the human cost of these actions and the need for ongoing dialogue and international support to ensure a lasting and peaceful resolution to this long-standing conflict.

Keywords: Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict, mine maps exchange, prisoner release, ceasefire agreement, international humanitarian law