Seeking Shelter: Underground Sewage Systems vs. Tornadoes
Hypothetically speaking, an underground sewage system might offer temporary protection from the high winds and debris of a tornado. However, the risks of flooding, poor air quality, and accessibility make such a location highly impractical for long-term shelter. This article explores these considerations in detail and highlights the advantages of alternative tornado shelters.
Protection from Wind
Being underground offers significant protection from the wind and flying debris associated with tornadoes. Tornadoes can generate winds reaching up to 300 miles per hour, and debris can cause severe injury or even death. However, this temporary respite from the elements comes with significant drawbacks.
Flooding Risk
One of the most significant risks of seeking shelter in an underground sewage system is the potential for flooding. These systems are designed to handle water runoff from heavy rains, and during severe weather events, they may become overwhelmed. Tornadic storms often produce substantial precipitation, which can quickly flood the sewage system. This poses a significant threat to anyone seeking refuge within. Furthermore, the passageways and ventilation systems in these systems are not designed to handle water influx, making it difficult to escape if water levels rise.
Air Quality and Toxicity
Underground sewage systems often have poor air quality due to the presence of various toxic gases. Methane and hydrogen sulfide are common in these environments, posing significant health risks. These gases can cause respiratory issues, dizziness, and even loss of consciousness. In extreme cases, they can be fatal. Seeking shelter here could result in serious health complications or even death.
Accessibility and Escape
The accessibility and escape routes within an underground sewage system are limited and often unsuitable for quick entry and exit. In a tornado, attempts to enter such a system might be challenging due to falling debris, and exiting afterward could be almost impossible. The narrow passageways, combined with potential flooding, make it difficult for individuals to find a way out, especially if there are blockages or other obstacles.
Alternative Shelters
Designated storm shelters and basements in sturdy buildings are generally considered the safest places during a tornado. These structures are specifically designed to withstand the intense conditions of a tornado. They offer better protection against the catastrophic winds and debris, as well as more reliable access and exit points.
The Risk of Explosion
Another potential hazard to consider is the risk of an explosion. Sparking electrical activity in a sewage system could ignite the gases present, leading to an explosion. This situation is highly dangerous and considerably more serious than the immediate threat of wind or flooding. Even if you survive the initial explosion, the subsequent chaos and potential injury make this option extremely risky.
Tornado Shelter Design
Designing storm shelters with multiple exits is not typically done due to both financial constraints and structural concerns. The additional exits increase the structural weak points of the shelter and raise the risk of flooding. Despite these concerns, the exits themselves are rarely blockage problems after a tornado. The affected area is relatively small, and rescue teams can usually cover the area within a day.
Conclusion
The safety of underground sewage systems during a tornado is compromised by the risks of flooding, poor air quality, and limited accessibility. While providing some protection from the wind, these systems ultimately pose more hazards than they mitigate. The most effective and safest option is to seek temporary shelter in dedicated storm shelters or the basements of sturdy buildings. These alternatives offer better protection and are designed to withstand the conditions of a tornado, making them far more reliable in times of crisis.